Because few people can think clearly and rationally during a crisis, it is important to be prepared to respond to such situations. Emergencies can be natural or man-made, such as floods, storms, fires, releases of toxic gases, or chemical spills.

Corrosion is often not uniform along the length of a member and is usually confined to the middle or ends of the member. In the case of piles, corrosion may be severe above the waterline and mild or absent below. This area of ​​maximum corrosion is often further away from the sections of maximum anchorage and shear forces, but rebar may be uniform throughout the member.

Corrosion inhibitors are substances that, when added in small amounts to a corrosive environment, slow down the rate of corrosion. In fact, an inhibitor can be considered a retarding catalyst. There are many inhibitors available with different compositions.

Condenser: A unit for controlling temperature in refrigerators, air conditioning systems, and chillers. Its main function is as a heat exchanger in which it converts a substance (refrigerant) from a gas state to a liquid state, from where the latent heat is dissipated by the substance and transferred to the condenser coolant.

Corrosion inhibitors are additives that control corrosion by altering the metal surface, the environment, or both. Their mode of action is to alter the anodic, cathodic, or both reactions. There are many corrosion inhibitors available with different compositions. Most of these materials have been discovered and refined through experimental testing, and many of them are sold under trade names and their chemical composition is kept secret.

In oil pipelines, the majority of pressure drop is due to friction in the pipes. Friction in the pipelines leads to a decrease in flow rate and also increases pumping and energy costs. This friction can be significantly reduced by injecting long-chain polymers (flow improvers).

Aeration has little effect on taste and odor removal. Most of the compounds that cause taste and odor have high solubility in water. Therefore, except in a few cases, aeration is usually less effective in removing taste and odor than other methods such as chemical oxidation or adsorption.

Refrigeration is the process of absorbing heat from one fluid and releasing it to another. The fluid can be air, water, or any other gas or liquid. In all refrigeration systems, keeping cool involves absorbing heat from a lower-temperature material and releasing it to a higher-temperature environment.

Corrosion in steam generation systems causes many problems in refineries, gas plants and petrochemical plants. Corrosion in boilers is a function of the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide and ammonia and the way these species are controlled, and in some cases is caused by the presence of hydroxide and chloride anions or high concentrations of chelating chemicals in the boiler water.

There are various methods for measuring the amount of organic matter in water. These methods include measuring the volatile fraction, measuring the total solids, BOD and COD. Because measuring the volatile fraction and measuring the total solids has a relatively large error, they are more often used than measuring the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) to obtain the amount of organic matter in water.

When water passes through various stages of purification, it must be disinfected to the extent necessary, depending on its intended use. For example, drinking water, after purification and removal of suspended and dissolved substances, must be free from any microbial contamination and not pose any health and safety risk to the consumer. The destruction or inactivation of microscopic organisms and pathogenic microorganisms is known as water disinfection.

Softening processes are used to reduce water hardness. Using chemicals, water hardness undergoes chemical reactions and precipitates. As a result, water hardness is reduced. Water hardness is due to the presence of carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, and nitrates of the metals calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum.

In order to compare DM and mitreh solution, it should be kept in mind that three different substances should be used for sediment removal, sediment prevention, and corrosion prevention, and in this regard, usually materials such as acids for sediment removal, DM for sediment removal, and in some cases Materials are also used to remove oxygen from water.

Mitreh's antifreeze and antifreeze has a great performance in terms of heat transfer due to its high heat capacity, and it is considered the most economical and available fluid for this purpose. Water alone has a relatively low boiling point, which means that it boils at a high temperature, and it also has a high freezing point, which means that it freezes quickly in the cold, most importantly due to the presence of solutes, ions, dissolved oxygen, etc. Rotting and rusting of facilities and ducts.

Corrosion is one of the most important problems in the cooling tower and causes cost loss and reduced efficiency of the tower. The presence of various factors in the tower makes it easy for corrosion to occur in the cooling tower. The presence of water as an electrolyte and also the presence of metals of different types in the tower as cathode and anode provides the basis for creating a chemical cell on a large scale.

Corrosion in steam boilers is caused by chemical and electrochemical reactions of metal with its surrounding environment. The most important corrosion factors in steam boilers are oxygen corrosion, carbon dioxide corrosion, corrosion due to pH drop, alkalinity corrosion, corrosion of hydrolyzable salts and corrosion of organic materials.