Posts by fatemeh cheraghi

 Water hardness Water hardness is the traditional measure of the capacity of water to react with soap, hard water requiring considerably more soap to produce a lather. Hard water often produces a noticeable deposit of precipitate (e.g. insoluble metals, soaps…

?What is nitrate Nitrate is a compound that is formed naturally when nitrogen combines with oxygen or ozone. Nitrogen is essential for all living things, but high levels of nitrate in drinking water can be dangerous to health, especially for…

Chloride Ion is a chlorine anion that forms the negatively charged part of certain salts, including sodium and hydrogen chloride salts. Chloride, also known as chloride ion or chloride(1), belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous halogens.    …

Phosphates are chemicals containing the element phosphorous, and they affect water quality by causing excessive growth of algae. About 3 1/2 pounds of phosphates per person enter the environment in the United States annually from farms, yards, waste water and…

(Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument separates chemical mixtures (the GC component) and identifies the components at a molecular level (the MS component). It is one of the most accurate tools for analyzing environmental samples. The…

Flame Photometers The flame photometers are used to determine the concentration of alkali and alkaline earth elements in (in inorganic chemical analysis to determine the concentration of certain metal ions, among them sodium, potassium, lithium, and calcium) aqueous solutions and…

  UV-VIS Spectroscopy UV-VIS Spectroscopy is one of the common tools in many chemist’s tool box. This versatile measurement technique has a secure place in the chemistry lab. A UV-Vis Spectrometer, sometimes called a UV-Vis Spectrometer, is a device that…

  The Auto lab is an ideal choice for those who are looking for a low cost and compact but high performance electrochemical impedance analyzer. Fully integrated with the NOVA software, this compact instrument can perform impedance measurements over the…

Total Hardness Kit water hardness is caused almost entirely by calcium and magnesium ions. Other di- and trivalent metals have a similar effect, but usually are not present in high enough concentration in potable waters to cause problems High levels…

Alkalinity Test Kit Alkalinity is a chemical measurement of a water’s ability to neutralize acids. Alkalinity is also a measure of a water’s buffering capacity or its ability to resist changes in pH upon the addition of acids or bases.…