Bubbling corrosion

Introduction
This type of corrosion is a type of localized corrosion in which mechanical factors also play a role. This type of corrosion is seen on metal surfaces in contact with the fluid. Blistering damage is caused by simultaneous corrosion delays and mechanical stresses.
Blistering corrosion is very similar to fretting corrosion, but there is a difference in the appearance of the attacks. In blister attacks, deep holes are created in the surface, often locally close to each other. Thus, a rough and spongy surface is the result of this type of corrosion. Stainless steel, some nickel alloys and titanium alloys are very resistant to damage caused by this type of corrosion.
Equipment such as condensers, impellers, vacuum pumps, valve outlets and pipe bends are most susceptible to blistering corrosion. Examples of blistering corrosion are shown below.

Bubbling corrosion mechanism
In short, the working mechanism is that due to the movement of the fluid in different parts, a pressure difference is created, and this pressure difference causes the formation of bubbles in the fluid. The bubbles burst when they hit the metal surface, which creates high pressure (pressures of 60,000 psi) in such a way that the surface protective layer is peeled off and the metal without a protective layer is exposed to the corrosive environment and corrosion reactions continue. The steps of this mechanism are as follows:
- A bubble forms on the surface protective layer.
- The bubble bursts and destroys the surface protective layer.
- The new metal surface is exposed to the corrosive environment and the surface protective layer is formed again.
- Another bubble forms in the same place and the above steps are repeated again.
By repeating this action, deep holes are created on the surface of the part and corrosion increases.
To combat this type of corrosion, the possibility of bubble formation must be minimized in the initial design, otherwise the metal surface must be covered with a resistant layer (for example, a polymer layer).
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