Removing of live organisms from water (disinfection)
When the water passes through different stages of treatment, it should be disinfected to the extent that it is consumed. For example, drinking water after purification and removal of suspended matter and soluble in it should be away from any microbial contamination and health and safety does not pose any danger to the consumer.
Eliminating or inactivating living organisms, magnets and pathogenic microorganisms are known as water sterilization.
Antiseptic action can be performed by the following methods:
A) Disinfection with chemicals that include the addition of chlorine and its compounds, bromine, iodine and ozone.
B) disinfection with physical agents such as heat, ultraviolet rays and gamma rays.
Disinfectant Reaction Mechanism
Four mechanisms have been proposed to describe the disinfectant action:
A) Cell wall destruction.
B) change in the way cell permeability.
C) Changes in the nature of the colloid protoplasm.
D) Disruption of enzyme activity.
Breaking and destroying the cell wall causes the cell to die, which causes the destruction of microorganisms. Some disinfectant compounds alter the selective penetration of the cell’s cytoplasmic membrane and cause vital nutrients for the cell, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, instead of entering the membrane.
Another bunch of disinfectants such as radiation, acidic and alkaline factors make the colloidal nature of the paraplegic change. For example, it causes clotting of the cellular protein and thus provides for cell death. Also, disinfectants such as chlorine and ozone with oxidation act to disrupt the chemical structure of enzymes and eliminate or slow down their activity.
Effective factors on the effectiveness of disinfectants
Antiseptic function is subject to several conditions and factors. Among these factors are the concentration of microorganisms, temperature, contact time, concentration and type of disinfectant.
Contact Time: For a given concentration of antiseptic, the longer the contact time is, the greater the percentage of the death of the bacteria.
Temperature: The temperature increase causes faster death of microorganisms.
Concentration and type of disinfectant: The antiseptic performance in a specific range depends on the concentration, which shows the experimental relationship below this effect:
Cn.tp = fixed
C = disinfectant concentration
n = constant
tp = time to achieve a constant percent mortality rate of microorganisms