Anti-foam for Amine unit In a gas desalination unit, impurities such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, known as acid gases or sour gas, must be purified and separated from…

Drag reducing agent In oil pipelines, the predominant part of the pressure drop is due to friction in the pipes. Friction in pipelines leads to reduced flow rate as well…

Oil-soluble corrosion inhibitor Corrosion is a natural phenomenon that occurs due to the electrochemical reaction of metal with its environment. In the oil and gas industry, corrosion is one of…

Electrical conductivity of water (EC) Electrical conductivity (EC) is the measurement of the ability of water to conduct electricity. This ability depends directly on the concentration of conductive ions in…

Optimization of energy consumption Optimization of energy consumption is one of the main and effective tools to achieve sustainable development around the world. Optimization of energy consumption means choosing the…

 Water hardness Water hardness is the traditional measure of the capacity of water to react with soap, hard water requiring considerably more soap to produce a lather. Hard water often…

?What is nitrate Nitrate is a compound that is formed naturally when nitrogen combines with oxygen or ozone. Nitrogen is essential for all living things, but high levels of nitrate…

Chloride Ion is a chlorine anion that forms the negatively charged part of certain salts, including sodium and hydrogen chloride salts. Chloride, also known as chloride ion or chloride(1), belongs to the…

Phosphates are chemicals containing the element phosphorous, and they affect water quality by causing excessive growth of algae. About 3 1/2 pounds of phosphates per person enter the environment in…

(Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) instrument separates chemical mixtures (the GC component) and identifies the components at a molecular level (the MS component). It is one…

Flame Photometers The flame photometers are used to determine the concentration of alkali and alkaline earth elements in (in inorganic chemical analysis to determine the concentration of certain metal ions,…

  UV-VIS Spectroscopy UV-VIS Spectroscopy is one of the common tools in many chemist’s tool box. This versatile measurement technique has a secure place in the chemistry lab. A UV-Vis…