Iron
Iron (Fe) is the first element in Group VIII of the periodic table; it has an atomic number of 26, an atomic weight of 55.85, and common valences of 2…
Copper
Occurrence and Significance Copper (Cu) is the first element in Group IB in the periodic table; it has an atomic number of 29, an atomic weight of 63.54, and valences…
Chloride
. Occurrence Chloride, in the form of chloride (Cl−) ion, is one of the major inorganic anions in water and wastewater. The salty taste produced by chloride concentrations is variable…
Calcium
. Occurrence and Significance Calcium (Ca) is the third element in Group IIA of the periodic table; it has an atomic number of 20, an atomic weight of 40.08, and…
Cement Plant Descriptions
2.4.1 Cement Manufacture Processes (i) General Description The process of manufacturing cement (shown in Figure 2-2) requires the following three stages: Raw material preparation: grinding a mixture of…
Water used in Steel Plant and its Types
Water is used in every shop of a steel plant and for practically all the functions of water. A steel plant cannot function without water. Because of this steel…
cooling necessary
How it Works: Water for Power Plant Cooling In the United States, 90 percent of electricity comes from thermoelectric power plants—coal, nuclear, natural gas, and oil—that require cooling. The remaining…
Power plants
Not so long ago, alchemists dreamed of turning cheap and ugly metals into valuable ones like gold. Power plants (also called power stations) pull off a similar trick, converting lumps…
Iron and Steel Production
Iron and steel have both played an important role in the development of human civilisation over several millennia and have found uses in agriculture, construction, the generation and distribution…
Efficient Use of Water Resources in the Steel Industry
Ever more stringent environmental regulations have led the European process industries to carry out activities in order to achieve an efficient management and exploitation of resources [1]. Water is…
measurement of organic components
Measuring the amount of organic Components There are several ways to measure the amount of organic components in the water. One of these methods is the measurement of volatile matter,…