Abrizan articles

In the oil and gas industry, one of the main challenges faced by oil extraction, transportation and refining processes is the formation of water-in-oil emulsions. These emulsions are formed especially in oilfield extraction operations and during refinery processes and cause problems in crude oil transportation, end product quality, equipment damage and increased costs. Demulsifiers are special chemicals designed to break water-in-oil emulsions and separate the two phases.

Biocides are chemical or natural compounds used to kill, inhibit, or prevent the growth of living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, and other organisms. This article provides a comprehensive review of biocides, their types, mechanisms of action, factors affecting the duration of effect, applications, and challenges in the use of biocides.

Membrane detergents play a key role in maintaining the performance and extending the life of reverse osmosis membranes. This article examines the factors that cause membrane fouling, the types of detergents used to remove these foulings, washing methods, and important points in the selection and use of these materials.

One of the most important points in a heat exchanger is the overall heat transfer coefficient. This coefficient is obtained in terms of the conduction and convection resistances between the fluids separated by flat walls and cylindrical shells, respectively. The layer of scale on the surfaces may increase the resistance to heat transfer between the two fluids to a large extent. This effect can be taken into account by introducing an additional thermal resistance, called the fouling coefficient (Rf), and its value depends on the operating temperature, fluid velocity, and the operating time of the exchanger.

Drilling is an important process in various industries such as oil and gas, tunneling, and dam construction. Using optimal chemicals in this process can have a great impact on improving drilling performance, reducing costs, and increasing productivity. One of these materials is drilling foam or soil amendment foam, which is used as a lubricant and stabilizer in drilling deep wells, semi-deep wells, oil wells, tunneling, dam construction, and other construction projects.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of industrial mitreh solution in reducing the corrosion rate of commonly used metals exposed to industrial water environments. The results showed that using mitreh solution significantly reduces the corrosion of metals made of plain carbon steel and stainless steel in DM water.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Mitreh MDA0102 scale remover solution in industrial water environments according to NACE standards in two environments: calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, and to compare it with acid washing. According to this study, this solution is a non-corrosive solution, unlike the solutions used in acid washing, which greatly increase corrosion. Also, the results of couponing indicated that the presence of Mitreh vector sediment solution will prevent further corrosion by forming a thin layer on the heat transfer surface.

The effect of chlorine and chloride parameters on the corrosion of stainless steels and the parameters affecting their corrosion rate, as well as the acceptable limits of chlorine ion levels in water and the differences in the effects of free chlorine and chloride on the corrosion of corrosion-resistant steels, are stated.

Antiscalants are chemical compounds designed to prevent scale formation in water systems. By preventing scale formation on surfaces, these compounds can increase operational efficiency and reduce maintenance costs in industrial water treatment, oil and gas extraction, and desalination processes.

Analysis of the causes of cracks in the existing shell/tube exchanger and providing solutions to prevent similar incidents. The shell/tube exchanger is used to regulate the air temperature for drying granules in silos. Due to a leak in this exchanger after 5 years of operation, the tubes were separated from the shell and the tubesheet and tube areas were subjected to non-destructive inspections. It was found that many cracks had formed in the connection between the tubes and the tubesheet on the hot air inlet side, but no defects or discontinuities were observed on the air outlet side.

The concentration of LiBr in solution can significantly affect the rate and severity of corrosion in metals. The concentration of lithium bromide can increase the corrosion rate, affect the pH of the solution, the formation of corrosion products, the solubility of oxygen, the effects of temperature, and also cause specific metal reactions.

An antifoam or defoamer is a chemical additive that reduces and prevents the formation of foam in industrial process fluids. The terms antifoam and defoamer are often used interchangeably.

One of the main factors of scale in building installations is the presence of calcium carbonate in water, because the solubility of this compound in water is very low and if the conditions are right, it will precipitate quickly. One of the parts that provides these conditions is the surfaces in contact with water in heat exchangers in domestic gas-fired boilers (heat packages).

Localized corrosion caused by the concentration of caustic or alkaline salts, which usually occurs under conditions of high evaporation or heat transfer. Caustic salt or caustic soda is one of the most widely used ionic compounds and is used in various industries including water treatment, cardboard and paper production, oil and refinery industries, aluminum production industries, food industries, alcohol production and glass.

It refers to general or localized corrosion of carbon steels and other metals caused by dissolved salts, gases, organic compounds, or microbiological activity.

Microbial corrosion is a type of corrosion caused by living organisms such as bacteria, algae, or fungi. This type of corrosion is often associated with tubercles or slimy organic materials.