Aeration is the process of contacting water with air or other gases to transfer volatiles from the liquid to the gaseous phase and dissolve beneficial gases in the water. It is possible to remove volatiles such as dissolved gases, volatile organic compounds, and various aromatic compounds that cause taste and odor through aeration. The gases that dissolve in water during this process are oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Raw water intakes draw water from various specified levels in rivers, lakes, or reservoirs behind dams. In order to protect the pumps and remove large objects from the water before it enters the pumping station, strainers are usually installed in the intake structure. Aeration is a process unit that removes gases and volatile organic compounds that cause taste and odor problems in the water supply system.

Aeration has little effect on taste and odor removal. Most of the compounds that cause taste and odor have high solubility in water. Therefore, except in a few cases, aeration is usually less effective in removing taste and odor than other methods such as chemical oxidation or adsorption.

Water treatment wastes are materials that are removed in various treatment processes and contain large amounts of water. These wastes include turbidity and color-producing materials, organic and inorganic solids, algae, bacteria, viruses, and precipitated chemicals. These materials are by-products of chemical coagulation, iron and manganese precipitation, filter washing, hardening, resin regeneration, and microfilters.

All water sources contain a wide range of organic and inorganic impurities. Water purification is the process of removing undesirable components from water and then disposing of them in the easiest and safest way. To achieve this goal, various purification processes are used that utilize different physical and chemical phenomena to remove or reduce undesirable components from water. The selection of purification processes is one of the keys to the successful operation of any water treatment plant.

Because each water source is unique in terms of chemical composition, it is often necessary to conduct treatability studies to obtain design and operating parameters for treatment processes. Such studies are particularly important where a new treatment plant is proposed.

The main objective of a water treatment plant is to produce water that meets drinking water quality standards at a reasonable cost to the consumer. In a water treatment plant, various processes are used to produce water of desired quality. These processes are generally divided into two general categories: operational units and process units.

This device uses reverse osmosis to remove about 95 to 99 percent of the chemicals and salts in the water and is easily installed under the sink with a separate drinking water tap. The water filter only removes large particles and impurities in the water, such as mud, sand, and rust from pipes, while reverse osmosis, by using a semi-permeable membrane, not only removes particles mixed in the water, but also all chemicals and microbial, viral, and other contaminants dissolved in the water.