
Uniform corrosion inhibition
Corrosion of metals in acidic environments can be inhibited by a variety of substances. These substances can include simple elements such as chloride, bromide, or iodide ions, or organic compounds, especially those containing elements from groups V and VI of the periodic table such as nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, oxygen, sulfur, and selenium in their functional groups.

Corrosion prevention with deoxygenators
A scavenger reacts with dissolved oxygen in a system, preventing the reduction of oxygen to hydroxide ions. Although the interactions between the metal, the scavenger, the pH of the environment, and other dissolved components are complex, scavengers can be considered corrosion inhibitors, most of which involve chemical interactions between the metal and the inhibitor at the metal-water interface.

Local corrosion inhibitor
Localized corrosion occurs on metals that are coated with rutile layers. This can be caused by defects or breakage of the rutile layer. Attacking ions such as chloride cause the rutile layer to break down at weak points on the metal surface. In this case, the bulk of the metal is in a rutile state while small localized areas of it are in an active state.

Corrosion inhibitors and their types
Today, due to the understanding of the metal-electrolyte system, it has become common to prevent corrosion with the help of corrosion inhibitors. Inhibitors are chemicals that, when added in small amounts to a corrosive environment, greatly reduce the rate of corrosion. The composition and types of inhibitors are very diverse. One of the most important ways to classify these materials is based on their mechanism of action and composition.

The importance of industrial design in corrosion prevention
Large factories, especially in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries, have engineering groups that work directly with designers to reduce corrosion. Materials engineers have a good understanding of the processes and corrosion issues that exist in manufacturing plants. They come to designers to advise on design problems.

Environmental changes and corrosion inhibition
Changing the corrosive environment is a common method for reducing and preventing corrosion. Environmental changes are affected by parameters such as temperature changes, oxygen concentration changes, velocity changes, concentration changes, composition changes, and moisture content changes.

Using nano-coatings against corrosion
Some of the coatings used today include materials made using nanotechnology. These methods include composite thin film coatings, topcoat coatings, and surface passivation layers. They are called nanocoatings.

Smart anti-corrosion nano coatings
The use of nanoparticles in the manufacture of anti-corrosion coatings is one of the most important achievements of nanotechnology. Important functions of nanoparticles in corrosion control include improving barrier properties, cathodic protection, anodic protection, and increasing the adhesion properties of the coating.

Anti-corrosion organic coatings
Organic coatings protect metal from the environment in the form of a very thin layer. Varnishes, paints, enamels, bituminous rubbers, and plastics are organic coatings that can partially cut off the metal from the environment and thus protect metals. An important factor in the development of organic coatings is the petroleum industry, which produces the main components of chemical resins.

Anti-corrosion mineral coatings
These coatings, which are used to protect against corrosion, contain mineral compounds and are often made of glass and cement. The most common mineral anti-corrosion coatings are glass glazes.

Anti-corrosion conversion coatings
Another way to protect metal from corrosion is to use corrosion-resistant coatings. Coatings refer to thin layers of materials that are applied to the surface of a metal to achieve goals such as improving surface strength, improving corrosion resistance, aesthetic appearance, and thermal insulation.

Anti-corrosion metal coatings
Another way to protect metal from corrosion is to use corrosion-resistant coatings. Coatings refer to thin layers of materials that are applied to the surface of a metal to achieve goals such as improving surface strength, improving corrosion resistance, aesthetic appearance, and thermal insulation.

Material selection in different corrosive environments
The increasing expansion of various industries, including factories, power plants, refineries, automotive industries, cable manufacturing, etc., has made it more necessary to understand the types of materials and their performance against corrosive environments. The importance of choosing the right materials in different corrosive environments is such that it has become the most important and common tool for controlling corrosion.

Glass membranes
A silicate glass used for glass membranes consists of an infinite three-dimensional structure of four negatively charged SiO4 groups, in which each silicon is bonded to four oxygens and each oxygen to two silicons. Within the network of this structure there are enough cations to neutralize the negative charge of the silicate group. Singly charged cations such as sodium and lithium move in the network and are responsible for electrical conduction within the membrane.

pH measurement and its methods
The pH of water determines the concentration of hydrogen ions and its acidity or alkalinity. Pure water dissociates to a very small extent into H and OH ions. The pH of drinking water should usually be around 7 (neutral). If the pH is less than 7, the water is acidic, and if the pH is above 7, the water is alkaline.

Danger rhombus
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) has developed a standard called NFPA 704 that is used to identify hazards from materials (especially chemicals). Among occupational health and safety experts, this standard has become known as the Hazard Diamond. It seems that the Rescue Diamond might have been a more appropriate name for the Hazard Diamond!